- Job Search Tip of the Week, by Brian Krueger, author of "College Grad Job Hunter," the #1 book for entry level job search:
"The Eight Types of Interview Questions"
Interviewing is not a science. Nor is it an art form. It is simply
an imperfect form of human communication designed to increase the
predictive validity of potential employer-employee relationships.
And it is very imperfect.
There are basically eight types of questions you may face during
the course of an interview:
Credential verification questions
This type of question includes "What was your GPA?" and "How long
were you at . . ." Its purpose is to place objective measurements
on features of your background.
Experience verification questions
This type of question includes "What did you learn in that class?"
and "What were your responsibilities in that position?" Its purpose
is to subjectively evaluate features of your background.
Opinion questions
This type of question includes "What would you do in this
situation?" and "What are your strengths and weaknesses?" Their
purpose is to subjectively analyze how you would respond in a
series of scenarios. The reality is that "Tape #143" in your brain
typically kicks in ("I know the answer to that one!") and plays
back the pre-programmed answer.
Dumb questions
This type of question includes "What kind of animal would you like
to be?" and "What color best describes you?" Their purpose is to
get past your pre-programmed answers to find out if you are capable
of an original thought. There is not necessarily a right or wrong
answer, since it is used primarily to test your ability to think on
your feet.
Math questions
This type of question includes "What is 1000 divided by 73?" to
"How many ping pong balls could fit in a Volkswagen?" Its purpose
is to evaluate not only your mental math calculation skills, but
also your creative ability in formulating the mathematical formula
for providing an answer (or estimate, as can often be the case).
Case questions
This type of question includes problem-solving questions ranging
from: "How many gas stations are there in Europe?" to "What is your
estimate of the global online retail market for books?" Its purpose
is to evaluate your problem-solving abilities and how you would
analyze and work through potential case situations.
Behavioral questions
This type of question includes "Can you give me a specific example
of how you did that?" and "What were the steps you followed to
accomplish that task?" Its purpose is to anticipate future
behaviors based upon past behaviors.
Competency questions
This type of question includes "Can you give me a specific example
of your leadership skills?" or "Explain a way in which you sought a
creative solution to a problem." Its purpose is to align your past
behaviors with specific competencies which are required for the
position.
It is interesting to note that the first four types of interview
questions listed have a predictive validity for on the job success
of just 10 percent. And 10 percent predictive validity is the same
level that is generated from a simple resume review. Math questions
increase the predictive validity to 15 percent (since it tests
intelligence, commonly a key competency for most positions) and
case questions raise the predictive validity to 25 percent (and
slightly higher for consulting positions). Behavioral and
competency interviewing, on the other hand, yield a predictive
validity of 55 percent. Still far from perfect, yet much more
reliable for most interviewers. Interestingly, the first four
question types are still the favored approach by most untrained
interviewers, simply due to lack of experience. Behavioral and
competency interviewing is gaining greater acceptance by trained
interviewers because past performance is the most reliable
indicator of future results, especially when it is tied to the
specific competencies for the position. Companies such as Accenture
have modified this approach with specific critical behavioral
interviewing to target those behaviors which provide the highest
correlation with the required competencies for highly predictive
positive results.
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However, there is a very important point about these books they don't mention up front: they cost money.
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P.S. Yes, you can buy "College Grad Job Hunter" in hardcopy format as well at Amazon.com for $15 (actually, 30% off that price), but the online version is better. Why? Because the version at Amazon.com (the 2003 edition) is being continually updated at CollegeGrad.com. So the most current version of the book is actually the online, free version.